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The most general survey shows us that the two foes of human happiness are pain and boredom. We may go further, and say that in the degree in which we are fortunate enough to get away from the one, we approach the other. Life presents, in fact, a more or less violent oscillation between the two. The reason of this is that each of these two poles stands in a double antagonism to the other, external or objective, and inner or subjective. Needy surroundings and poverty produce pain; while, if a man is more than well off, he is bored.

对生活稍作考察就可以知道:痛苦和无聊是人类幸福的两个死敌，关于这一点，我可以作-一个补充: 每当我们感到快活，在我们远离上述的一个敌人的时候，我们也就接近了另一个敌人，反之亦然。所以说，我们的生活确实就是在这两者当中或强或弱地摇摆。这是因为痛苦与无聊之间的关系是双重的对立关系。一种是外在的或是客观的，另一种则是内在的或是主观的。贫穷和匮乏的环境会让人痛苦（外在的），而丰裕和安定就产生无聊（内在的）。